A tradition of Witchcraft that traces itself back to the system of Gerald Gardner by way of Raymond and Rosemary Buckland. In 1963 they traveled to Scotland and were initiated into Gardner’s system by Monique Wilson. They returned to the US and founded the “Long Island Coven.” American Gardnerianism is a bit more strict, especially concerning coven structure, lineage, and initiations, than are some other Gardnerian groups. Thus, although they are truly Gardnerian, not all Americans who are Gardnerian identify themselves as “American Gardnerian.”